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Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam (5 January 1926 – 30 September 2008;〔(Singapore-window.org )〕 more commonly known as "J. B. Jeyaretnam" or "J.B.J.") was a Singaporean politician and lawyer. He was the leader of the Workers' Party (WP) from 1971 to 2001. In 1981, he became the first opposition politician since Singapore's independence in 1965 to win a seat in Parliament, when he defeated Pang Kim Hin of the governing People's Action Party (PAP) at a by-election in the constituency of Anson. He was re-elected at the 1984 general election, but lost his seat in Parliament in 1986 following a conviction for falsely accounting the party's funds (a conviction that was subsequently overturned by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which called the conviction a grievous injustice). He returned to Parliament after the 1997 general election as a Non-Constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP). However he was stripped of his NCMP seat in 2001 when he was declared bankrupt after failing to keep up with payments for damages owed to PAP leaders as a result of a libel suit. He left the WP later that year. He was discharged from bankruptcy in 2007, and founded the Reform Party in June 2008.〔(Opposition politician JBJ forming new political party – Channel NewsAsia )〕〔(The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia )〕〔(Return of the ‘warrior’ )〕 He died of heart failure in September 2008,〔http://www.todayonline.com/articles/278816.asp〕 three months after founding the Reform Party which is now led by his son Kenneth Jeyaretnam. ==Background and early career== An Anglican Christian of Sri Lankan Tamil descent,〔(Still standing )〕 Jeyaretnam was educated at St Andrew's School in Singapore and moved to English College Johore Bahru, before going on to read law at University College London. Having been called to the Bar by the Honourable Society of Gray's Inn on 27 November 1951, Jeyaretnam joined the Singapore Legal Service in 1952. In the following 11 years, Jeyaretnam held various positions including magistrate, district judge, crown counsel, deputy public prosecutor and registrar of the Supreme Court. He was also Singapore's first Criminal District Judge.〔(FORGED HIS UNCLE'S SIGNATURE )〕 He left the civil service in 1963 for private practice and eventually set up his own law firm in 1968.〔(Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam )〕〔(Schoolboy rioter fined $1,000 )〕〔(Accountant-General is acquitted )〕 Singapore became an independent country in 1965, and at the first post-independence general election in 1968, the People's Action Party (PAP) won all 51 of the seats in Parliament after the main opposition party at the time, the Barisan Sosialis, boycotted the elections. The PAP maintained this 100% electoral record at the 1972, 1976 and 1980 general elections and all intervening by-elections up to 1981. In 1971, Jeyaretnam led a group of lawyers who took over the opposition Workers' Party (WP, which had been founded in 1957 by Singapore's former Chief Minister, David Marshall, but had become a fairly small and insignificant party during the 1960s), and became the party's Secretary-General. Jeyaretnam first stood for Parliament in at the 1972 general election, when he contested the Farrer Park constituency and lost to the PAP's Lee Chiaw Meng by 23.1% of the vote to 73.8% (with a third candidate taking 3.1%). At the 1976 general election, he contested Kampong Chai Chee, and lost to the PAP's Andrew Fong by 40.1% to 59.9%. In 1977, he contested a by-election in Radin Mas, and was defeated by PAP candidate Bernard Chen by 29.4% to 70.6%. He then contested Telok Blangah at a 1979 by-election and the 1980 election, losing to the PAP's Rohan bin Kamis both times by 38.8% to 61.2% in 1979, and by 47.0% to 53.0% in 1980. In 1983, Jeyaretnam defended Tan Mui Choo, one of the co-conspirators for the infamous Toa Payoh ritual murders. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「J. B. Jeyaretnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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